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Textlab chapter 6 wade5/17/2023 ![]() retinal disparity a binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the close the object monocular cues depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone interposition monocular visual cue in which two objects are in the same line of vision and one patially conceals the other, indicating that the first object concealed is further away linear perspective a monocular cue for perceiving depth the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance perceptual constancy perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change perceptual illusion perceptual inconsistencies that fool our brain. proximity a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit cornea a similarity a Getalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) parts of a stimulus field that are similar to each other tend to be perceived as belonging together as a unit continuity gestalt law sensations that appear to create a continuous form are perceived as belonging together (a whole) binocular cues depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes convergence a type of binocular cue it is the turning of the eyes inwards, as in the crossing of the eyes, when focusing on a nearby object. form perception how people organize the world visually into meaningful units and patterns figure stand out from the rest of the envrionment, usually the lower part of a scene ground not as noticable as the figure gestalt principles Principles that describe the brain's organization of sensory information into meaningful units and patterns. ![]() example: is seeing red square after staring at green square and looking away. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green negative afterimage seeing a different color after we stare at a particular chue. opponent-process theory the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. selective attention the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect inattentional blindness failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere hue the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength brightness intensity of reflected light that reaches our eyes saturation the intensity of a hue representing the amount of gray in proportion to hue cornea in front of eye, protects eye and bends incoming light toward lens iris a iris a retina a rods respond to dim light, are periphery, and highly sensitive cones have low sensitivity, are in the center of the retina, respond to color ganglion cells a face module helps us to recognize faces trichromatic theory Visual theory, stated by Young and Helmholtz that all colors can be made by mixing the three basic colors: red, green, and blue a.k.a the Young-Helmholtz theory. ![]() ![]() Signal-detection theory A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background noise sensory adaption diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation sensory deprivation the absence of normal levels of sensory stimulation. ![]()
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